Saturday, April 8, 2023

first lines in fiction

 


In the beginning …
In the beginning … Photograph: Sean Gladwell/Getty Images

Top 10 first lines in fiction

The first words of a story have to do a lot of work in snaring the reader. Novelist Liz Nugent considers some of her favourites

Agood first line is not always necessary because who stops reading after one sentence? But it can be extremely useful in building expectations for the style and characterisation that will follow. While book jackets can indicate a broad genre, that line can define the subgenre.

The opening may establish the tone, character, location, era or season but it can also pull a reader into the realm of the story that follows, and often into the head of the protagonist or into an alternate reality. When we open a book, we are ready to embark on a journey. The starter pistol should propel us forward. In my experience, a great opening will also raise questions that needs to be answered. Who or why or how or indeed, wtf?

In my own work, I like to set the opening line in the aftermath of a major event. I write first-person narratives and the reaction of the protagonist to this event should give the reader a good indication of the type of character we are dealing with. To demonstrate, here are some of my favourite openings by other writers.

1. Breakfast Wine from There Are Little Kingdoms by Kevin Barry

They say it takes just three alcoholics to keep a small bar running in a country town and while myself and the cousin, Thomas, were doing what we could, we were a man shy, and these were difficult days for Mr Kelliher, licensee of the North Star, Pearse Street.

A whole world and three distinct characters have been created in this one sentence. Our narrator is aware of the fact that he is an alcoholic, but does Thomas know that the narrator is? Does he know that he is? Where is poor Mr Kelliher going to find a third alcoholic to keep his doors open? A small bar in a country town depending on alcoholics sounds like a sad and desperate place. What a fantastic setup for a story. I promise you that what follows does not disappoint.

2. The Haunting of Hill House by Shirley Jackson

No live organism can continue for long to exist under conditions of absolute reality; even larks and katydids are supposed, by some, to dream.

Immediately, we are drawn into a universe of uncertainty with this immaculate line. Here, for all living creatures, reality can overwhelm and therefore the suggestion of a dream world is a viable alternative. But as we all know, dreams can turn to nightmares and even the hint of what an insect might dream about sends shivers down the spine. Live organisms include humans. What horrors or fantasies await them? They cannot “continue for long” to cope with reality. So there is the question that needs an answer. Will lives be cut short or will the inhabitants be forced into nightmarish delusion?

3. The Butcher Boy by Patrick McCabe

When I was a young lad twenty or thirty or forty years ago I lived in a small town where they were all after me on account of what I done on Mrs Nugent.

This character presents himself as “mad” from the get-go. He has no idea how many decades he has lived. What on earth could he have done to a presumably older married lady that would incur the wrath of the whole town? He is open about the fact that he “done” it. While his memory may be faulty, we believe him. He also wins our sympathy because he was a boy when this event occurred. Will we still be on his side when we find out what he did? This is the first book I read in one sitting, desperate to get to the shocking answer.

4. Perfume by Patrick Süskind

In eighteenth-century France there lived a man who was one of the most gifted and abominable personages.

France in this era, as represented in our art galleries, gave us female nudes, silk-clothed nobility in powdered wigs and pastoral images of the peasantry. The most notable books of the century were Les Liaisons Dangereuses, depicting a time of decadence when France loosened her stays for a moment and Candide, bitterly satirical, blasphemous and seditious. And into this time comes a man, at once gifted and abominable. Here we have two questions: What is his great gift and more thrillingly, what is his abomination? The answers do involve female nudes but not in a way you could possibly predict.

Toni Morrison in the documentary Toni Morrison: The Pieces I Am.
Toni Morrison in the documentary Toni Morrison: The Pieces I Am. Photograph: Timothy Greenfield-Sanders/Magnolia Pictures

5. Paradise by Toni Morrison

They shoot the white girl first.

Probably the most startling of all, this opening belies the title, because wherever this is set, it’s far from paradise. Someone is shooting girls, and is prioritising their executions by their colour. How many girls will follow? Who is doing the shooting, and why? Is this the norm for the society the reader is about to inhabit or is this the a terrible one-off? In six words, Toni Morrison has grabbed us by the throat.

6. Highfire by Eoin Colfer

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Vern did not trust humans was the long and short of it.

Best known for his Artemis Fowl series for children, Highfire was Colfer’s first adult fantasy novel, a genre I had avoided because of my own narrow mind. But this line hooked me straight away. Vern, as it turns out, is a dragon, the last of his kind and a confirmed anthropophobic. The opening line shows that we have failed him. This fact is unequivocal. Why would he ever have anything to do with us in the future? I had to read on to find out in this wildly entertaining take on being antisocial.

7. Razorblade Tears by SA Cosby

Ike tried to remember a time when men with badges coming to his door early in the morning brought anything other than heartache and misery, but try as he might nothing came to mind.

Clearly, Cosby’s protagonist Ike has endured a lot of suffering and has also been on the wrong side of the law. With this line, Ike wins our sympathy. Men with badges have been turning up since childhood. Such a clever way to tell us that Ike is flawed, and also weary. And now we want to know the cause of the misery that is about to be revealed.

8. My Absolute Darling by Gabriel Tallent

The old house hunkers on its hill, all peeling white paint, bay windows, and spindled wooden railings overgrown with climbing roses and poison oak.

Decay, neglect, toxicity and menace. All of these qualities delivered in the opening line tell us that this is not going to be a cheerful tale. And indeed it is a harrowing story, but hidden in that line are roses, fragile and climbing, perhaps looking to escape but trapped by poison? What kind of people live in such a house?

9. I Know This Much Is True by Wally Lamb

On the afternoon of October 12, 1990, my twin brother Thomas entered the Three Rivers, Connecticut Public Library, retreated to one of the rear study carrels, and prayed to God the sacrifice he was about to commit would be deemed acceptable.

The first part of this sentence points to an average man on an average day. The second part indicates something huge is about to happen. Thomas is no average character. Who chooses a library to make a sacrifice? Reading it today, one might suspect Thomas to be a suicide bomber, but in 1998, when I first read it, that didn’t enter my mind. Even if it had, I would have been wrong. What sacrifice is about to be made? Why the library? What’s going on between Thomas and his twin brother?

10. Waiting by Ha Jin

Every summer Lin Kong returned to Goose Village to divorce his wife, Shuyu.

This line gives us a peek into a society where divorce is clearly not as straightforward as it is in western cultures. The reader is forced to wonder why Lin has to return to this village, where he’s returning from, why he wants to divorce his wife and how long this has been going on. We get the sense that our protagonist is tired of the annual pilgrimage and yet, he is relentless. He needs this release. We know immediately that the book is well named.

 Strange Sally Diamond by Liz Nugent is published by Penguin. To help the Guardian and Observer, order your copy from guardianbookshop.com. Delivery charges may apply.


perform better

 

Your brain will perform better if you shift into this mode of working

Your brain will perform better if you shift into this mode of working

Productivity expert Donna McGeorge outlines four strategies that will help your brain do more by working less. Read More





Your brain will perform better if you shift into this mode of working

Productivity expert Donna McGeorge outlines four strategies that will help your brain do more by working less.

Your brain will perform better if you shift into this mode of working
[Images: rawpixel.com, Getty Images]

Have you noticed how busy is the new black? Many workplaces recognize and reward being fast-moving or adaptive. Yet really, they’re white-collar sweatshops, pushing people beyond their limits. The result? Stressed and burned-out employees.

In a culture that values hard work and productivity, we’re “winning” when we are going hard. Being busy increases our level of (self-) importance and can become addictive. We feel guilty or ashamed when we aren’t doing lots of stuff at work or on our weekends.

Articles, books, and podcasts report successful people are willing to go longer and harder than others. They get up at 4 a.m. or 5 a.m. to get ahead when in fact, research shows us the more sleep we get, the happier we are.

Going hard and being on all the time is actually detrimental to what you want to achieve. Pain, stress, and fatigue produce neurotransmitters that disconnect you from your executive function (smarts).

Your brain will operate better and be more productive if you flip the switch and build in more downtime. We need to be in an engaged, happy, and relaxed state to perform at our peak. So here are some of my favourite techniques to help you do just that.

BUILD IN A 15% BUFFER

Capacity utilization (mostly used in manufacturing) measures the difference between production and production capability. It is unlikely that a company will function at 100% capacity, so 85% is considered optimal. This provides a 15% buffer against setbacks like equipment malfunction or resource shortages.

The same can be said about you and your brain. You need to work at 85%, not flat out at 100% to optimize your resources and mental systems.

Just look at Olympian Carl Lewis. The nine-time gold medallist sprinter was known as a master finisher. In a 100-meter sprint, he was often last at the 40-meter mark, but breezed past other competitors by the finish line. While other runners were clearly having to push harder at the end—clenching their fists, scrunching their face—Lewis looked exactly the same when he won the race as he had at the start. He ran at 85% from start to finish, not 100% full throttle.

TIP: Build in a 15% buffer to your day or week. Cut out 1.2 hours from an 8-hour day; that’s one day from a 7-day week. Simply start by blocking out public holidays in advance (especially if you work for yourself). Spend that time reading, relaxing, or resting. It might feel counterintuitive, but it will buy you brain power in the long run.

WATCH YOUR BODY, NOT YOUR CLOCK

Ever noticed that as the day wears on, your patience (and fuse) in meetings or conversations becomes shorter and more erratic? The smallest things start to annoy you because you’re drained and your mental energy is low. It’s not the best state to be making important decisions or trying to have productive conversations.

Studies of brain waves show us that innovation, inspiration, and intuition are only available to us when our brain is in certain states of consciousness. So, the more brain space you protect, the better. 

For most of us, our most productive time will be first thing in the morning, hence, big decisions and tasks that require attention and focus (what we call our “real work”) are best done in the morning, and repetitive tasks (like email) are best done in the afternoon when your cognitive load is low.

TIP: Maximize your mornings by starting yours the night before. Before finishing up for the day, plan two or three tasks you want to do first. Avoid switching on your email in the morning until they are done. Protect your most valuable time.

MEET IN 25-MINUTE SEGMENTS

We need meetings. We need them at work because when they work, clear actions get set, decisions are made, and the whole business moves forward.

The problem is that we automatically default to holding 60-minute meetings. That’s at least 35 minutes of wasted time waiting for latecomers, fixing tech issues, wondering about the agenda (or lack thereof).

Having only 25 minutes creates clarity around doing what’s important. If we only have 25 minutes, we had better be focused on what we need to get done. This automatically forces us to think about the top two or three things to discuss in a meeting and drives action.

TIP: Change your default calendar app to 25 minutes, instead of 60. Always provide people with the purpose of a meeting. When you accept invitations, tell others you only have 25 minutes and ask them why you are expected to be there. If there’s no reason, or you’re unclear on the purpose, then save yourself some time and politely decline.

SIMPLIFY YOUR SYSTEMS

When we’re presented with a problem, our instinct is to add things (complicate) rather than remove things (simplify).

We set up extra meetings to figure out why work schedules are too cramped, but in doing so add more red tape, more decision points. When your day or week is full, you get up earlier or stay up later to finish. Yet what if you simply reduced the number of things you committed to doing?

Think about the boundaries you could set up to create a “not-to-do list. It might include things like social media during working hours, living in your email, meetings before 10 a.m. and after 3 p.m., or staying up late. 

TIP: Look at your current to-do list and remove things that are low value, energy draining or are a distraction from your true goals or KPIs. All of these things will help you get the important things done and you’ll be surprised at how much time they consumed in the past.

So, if you want to be fast, successful, or adaptive, stop pushing yourself to the limits and win your day with more downtime instead.




Donna McGeorge is a speaker, author, and mentor who helps people work smarter. She is the author of The 25-Minute Meeting: Half the Time, Double the Impact, The First Two Hours: Make Better Use of Your Most Valuable Time, and The 1-Day Refund: Take Back Time, Spend It Wisely.