COMPTON VERNEY.- Compton Verney’s summer season opens with one of the first exhibitions of its kind in the UK.
From the Impressionists onwards, artists have been inspired by historical and contemporary colour theories -most famously seen in the pointillist work of Georges Seurat and his associates, where colours other than those actually painted on the canvas are generated in the eye of the beholder.
Seurat to Riley: The Art of Perception explores one of the most exciting threads running through the art history of the past 150 years: the ways in which the viewer’s visual perceptions, themselves dependent on the close interaction of eye and brain, are used in art.
The exhibition includes ninety works ranging from painting, sculpture, light-based, prints and drawings from public and private collections across the UK, plus exciting new commissions created especially for the exhibition.
"This exhibition has been on my mind for a number of years as I recognised that a multi artist show of 'Op Art' hadn’t really been done in the UK. It is very timely, as since developing the show over the last two years Op Art has been more reconsidered by curators, with key shows in New York and Copenhagen in 2016” says Compton Verney’s Penelope Sexton, who is curating the show along with Dr Frances Follin.
In the 19th century artists developed an interest in how the eye responds to visual stimuli, so as to produce optical illusions. Artists from the Impressionists onwards were inspired by the colour theories of scientific thinkers such as Michel Eugène Chevreul. During the 20th century, this interest in perception extended to ways of communicating movement in static art forms, seen in works of Vorticist Helen Saunders. Artists as diverse as M.C. Escher and Josef Albers looked at using form, and often colour, to convey the sensation of movement, or find a static equivalent for this.
This interest and perception of movement intensified through the 1950s and ’60s, in what came to be known as ‘Op art’ and ‘Kinetic art’. Victor Vasarely, Bridget Riley, Julio Le Parc, Jeffrey Steele, Jesus Rafael Soto, Carlos Cruz-Diez, Peter Sedgley and Liliane Lijn were its leading lights and are all represented in this Compton Verney show.
Key loans to the exhibition include Georges Seurat‘s La Luzerne, Saint-Denis (1885, Scottish National Gallery) where flickering brushstrokes in response to the landscape of alfalfa and poppies are placed with an almost mathematical precision, showing the artist considering the ideas of perception.
Bridget Riley’s early interest in Seurat convinced her of the importance of finding a distinctive methodology for her own painting, and there will be twenty-two works by her in the exhibition, including highlights such as Fall (1963, Tate), Blaze IV (1963, Government Art Collection) and Achaen (1981, Tate). Penelope Sexton - “’Fall’ is one of the most optically active produced by Riley with effects including movement and colour, even though the work is in monochrome. In ‘Blaze IV’, the centre is just white paint but seems to blaze with light, after about 20 seconds of looking, the whole surface comes alive, and optical effects appear to occur between the viewer and the canvas.“
The 1965 Peter Segley work Cycle (Birmingham Museums Trust) plays with the notion that the human eye is designed to focus on a particular object in one’s field of vision. Cycle subverts this natural tendency – the work is apparently ‘out of focus’ so the eye struggles to find a point of purchase, creating a disorientating effect on the viewer. BIDIM-MC by Victor Vasarely (1988, Wolverhampton Art Gallery) is a three-dimensional work that combines painterly and sculptural effects in one piece.
Seurat to Riley also features new work by Lothar Götz. Götz is creating a new site specific wall-based work referencing and engaging with ideas about architecture and space. His work is characterised by the juxtaposition of abstract geometric forms, fields and lines of intense colour.
Compton Verney’s Director, Professor Steven Parissien says “Optical Art explores a range of effects and emotions, using complex geometry and advanced mathematics to communicate with the viewer in a way that is simultaneously mentally challenging and visually appealing. This wonderful exhibition demonstrates just how exhilarating, electrifying and (quite literally) eye-opening Op Art can be.”
