Wednesday, May 24, 2017

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Artist Lygia Pape at The Met Breuer, New York

BY ARTINFO | MAY 22, 2017

VISUAL ARTS

by Blouin Artinfo • The Met Breuer presents “A Multitude of Forms,” an exhibition devoted to Brazilian artist Lygia Pape. The exhibition is on view through July 23, 2017.

Lygia Pape: A Multitude of Forms

Item# 80-036377

Description

By Iria Candela
Contributions by Glória Ferreira, Sérgio B. Martins, and John Rajchman

This catalogue accompanies The Metropolitan Museum of Art Department of Modern & Contemporary Art exhibition at The Met Breuer.

Lygia Pape (1927–2004) was one of the most acclaimed and influential Brazilian artists of the twentieth century. A prominent member of a generation of artists who embraced the optimistic spirit of postwar Brazil, she is particularly known for her participation in the experimental art movement Neoconcretism. Beyond that, Pape engaged with a wide range of media, constantly experimenting in a quest to confront the canonical and discover unexplored territories in modern art. This beautifully illustrated publication accompanies the first major exhibition in the United States devoted to Pape's work. Featuring essays by art historians in both North and South America, as well as two previously untranslated interviews with the artist and an illustrated chronology, Lygia Pape is a testament to the artist's lasting importance to the modern art and culture of Latin America and to her position as a major figure of the international avant-garde.

Iria Candela is Estrellita B. Brodsky Curator of Latin American Art in the Department of Modern and Contemporary Art at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Glória Ferreira is a professor at Escola de Belas Artes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.

Sérgio B. Martins is a professor in the History Department at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro.

John Rajchman is a philosopher who teaches in the Department of Art History and Archaeology at Columbia University, New York.

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Exhibitions are free with Museum admission.

Exhibition Overview

Lygia Pape: A Multitude of Forms is the first monographic exhibition in the United States devoted to Brazilian artist Lygia Pape (1927–2004). A critical figure in the development of Brazilian modern art, Pape combined geometric abstraction with notions of body, time, and space in unique ways that radically transformed the nature of the art object in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Covering a prolific, unclassifiable career that spanned five decades, this exhibition examines Pape's extraordinarily rich oeuvre as manifest across varied media—from sculpture, prints, and painting to installation, photography, performance, and film.

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The exhibition is made possible by The Daniel and Estrellita Brodsky Foundation and The Garcia Family Foundation.

It is organized by The Metropolitan Museum of Art in collaboration with Projeto Lygia Pape.

On view at The Met Breuer in Floor 4

Featured Media

Lygia Pape: A Multitude of Forms—Video Excerpts

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What Iranian women want

What Iranian women want: rights, jobs and a seat at the table

May 24, 2017 7.30am BST

Raheb Homavandi/Reuters

Author

Azadeh Davachi
Researcher, Deakin University

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Azadeh Davachi does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond the academic appointment above.

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Issues affecting women were conspicuously absent from Iran’s 2017 presidential election. That’s unless one finds useful the leading conservative candidate Hojjat al-Islam Ebrahim Raisi’s comment that his government would enhance women’s dignity within the family, because women should be “good mothers and wives”.

The absence was a departure from the June 2009 presidential campaign, when two reformist candidates backed women’s rights.

Now that President Hassan Rouhani has been reelected by a wide margin for another four-year term, it is crucial to ponder what his victory means for Iranian women. Rouhani has widespread support among Iran’s urban population, the middle class, young people and women.

Iranian activists did try to raise the issue during the electoral season. On May 6, several weeks before the election, some 180 women, including journalists, intellectuals and veteran activists, such as Noushin Ahmadi Khorasani, Minoo Mortazi, Fatemeh Sadeghi, Fatemeh Govarayee, issued a statement outlining their demands for the next president of Iran.

Among them were greater inclusion of women in the country’s economic activity, repeal of discriminatory laws, increased female sports and a quota reserving at least 30% of ministerial positions for women.

The statement was hardly noticed, in part because the months prior to the election saw a crackdown on activism, with increasing detentions, arrests, trials and long prison terms.

No space for women

All six candidates made promises about creating jobs and reducing poverty during their campaigns, but the social, economic and political status of women was barely discussed.

According to a May 11 analysis by the International Civil Society Action Network of the first televised electoral debate, there was just one question about women, with a two-minute response time allotted. And that question centred on the role of women in the family.

In another debate, Sardar Ghalibaf, Tehran’s mayor and former candidate, who is Raisi’s ally, discussed single mothers and the challenges of raising children with disabilities. But he focused on supporting the children without highlighting that their mothers require financial help to do so.

Iranian women have made great gains in the business sector. Morteza Nikoubazl/Reuters

Reacting in an interview with the daily newspaper Shahrvand, Parvaneh Salahshouri, a female parliamentarian from Tehran, asked, “How is it that social issues are addressed but the demands of half of society are not taken into consideration?”

Salahshouri criticised the state broadcasting agency, but her remarks also pointed at the candidates, suggesting that by limiting their discussion of gender issues to the family, the men displayed a contempt for the real problems faced by women.

Discrimination against women

Discrimination against women remains prevalent in Iran. Iranian women do not have custody of their children, compulsory veiling is still enforced and domestic violence is insufficiently condemned by law. With inheritances, a man is entitled to twice as much a woman.

Iranian women are highly educated. In 2013, they represented over 60% of the country’s university applicants. But they lack access to jobs.

Though official unemployment figures hover around 12% , the number could as high as 20% for women.

Female workers are also paid less than male peers, especially in factories, and many women must work two jobs to make ends meet.

A rising number of women from fragile socioeconomic backgrounds have turned to sex work to earn higher wages, both online and on the streets.

Activities that seem mundane in many other parts of the world, such as partaking in sports, are still a challenge in Iran. Women are not allowed into stadiums with men, even though Iranian female athletes have achieved significant success in international sports competitions.

Iranian female football players dispute an amateur match in Germany, 2016, yet in Iran they can’t enter stadiums. Stefanie Loos/Reuters

Small, steady successes

There are some bright spots. Iranian businesswomen have thrived in recent years, excelling in diverse sectors, from knowledge-based corporate services and recycling to animal husbandry.

On the political front, too, women are emerging victorious. In the May 2016 parliamentary election, 17 women were elected to join the 290-member body), an historic record for the Islamic Republic.

This year’s city council elections, which took place on the same day as the presidential election, saw heavy participation by women as voters and on the ballot, with an increase in female candidates of nearly 6% over the previous year.

Women competed even in small cities, and images of female candidates circulated widely on Iranian social media. City councils are important in Iran’s city planning and urban life, and many activists encouraged women to participate.

The high female turnout, and the volume of qualified women in city councils, could give women more latitude to actually change their everyday lives. But they will need support from higher authorities to do so.

Rouhani’s failed efforts

Is Rouhani their guy? The president is considered a religious moderate, and in 2013 he claimed that he would open up social and political spheres to women. In 2014, he went so far as to criticise gender discrimination and encourage equality.

Such statements clash with those of the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who believes that women should be primarily dedicated to household activities and that Iran must not adopt Western views on gender.

In his first term, Rouhani appointed women to ministerial and cabinet positions. The vice president for women and family affairs, Shahindokht Molaverdi, has used this space to contribute to the national gender debate by condemning hardliners who threatened female spectators at a men’s volleyball match.

What have you done for me lately? Reuters

Speaking at a national conference and women and development on February 7, President Rouhani said, “We should believe in women’s presence and capabilities and know that our country’s women can have roles in science, knowledge, economy, politics, and arts just like men.”

But many Iranian women feel Rouhani has failed them. Segregation in public spaces, gender discrimination, and morality police all persist, and the president remained silent when female activists were arrested during the election campaign.

Admittedly, Rouhani has limited room to manoeuvre. Powerful hardliners control key Iranian political structures, among them the Guardian Council, which has the final say on interpretation of Islamic values and laws, including veto power. A conservative majority in the parliament also prevents strong reforms from passing.

The question now is whether Rouhani will use his second term to find new opportunities and live up to Iranian women’s hopes.

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Wednesday, May 24, 2017

Lygia Pape at The Met Breuer, New York

Artist Lygia Pape at The Met Breuer, New York

Lygia Pape: A Multitude of Forms

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Description

Shipping and Returns

Lygia Pape: A Multitude of Forms—Video Excerpts

What Iranian women want